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TRUE, formerly known as David John Riggins (b. 1968, Los Angeles, California) is an American artist, designer, and filmmaker of German-Russian, African-American, and Blackfoot descent who lives and works in New York City.〔Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation, “Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation honors the late Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm,” November 19, 2008. ()〕 He began using the word “TRUE” in place of his birth name in the mid-1990s.〔Judith Messina, ''Crain’s New York Business'', “Cyber Whiz Kids Exercising Options,” May 13–19, 1996. This is the first known interview in which he uses the name “TRUE.”〕 While his early work incorporated elements of illustration, graphic design, and animation, his current focus is filmmaking.〔He started an independent documentary film production company, TRUE''stories'' PRODUCTIONS, in 2013; their first film, BLACK PERVERT, about alternative sexuality in the Black community, is now in production ()〕 He began his professional art career in the late 1980s as a set painter for Roger Corman Studios in Venice Beach, California.〔TRUE’s IMDB page ()〕 He moved to New York in 1991 to study at Sarah Lawrence College, and then transferred to The Art School of The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art (BFA, 1996). He first gained international recognition for a series of non-permissional site-specific “guerrilla” installations on the streets of Los Angeles〔Steve Harvey, “Only in L. A.,” Los Angeles Times, September 2, 1994.〕 and New York City,〔Ellen Cohn, ''New York'' Magazine, “Sign of the Crosswalk,” December 6, 1993. ()〕 and in NYC’s subway system〔(New York ''Times'', “Philosophy In Transit,” August 28, 1994. )〕 (1993–1994), which were done anonymously. When tracked down for comment by the press, he used a pseudonym (“str8up” (“straight up” ))〔Ellen Cohn, ''New York'' Magazine, “Sign of the Crosswalk,” December 6, 1993. ()〕 both because he wanted to preserve his anonymity so that the focus would remain on the work and not himself, and also to protect himself from prosecution for “tampering () theft of government property.”〔Times Staff, Los Angeles ''Times'', “Meddler Makes Light of Pedestrian Traffic,” October 6, 1993. ()〕 The motivation for these projects was the belief that the “art world” was unnecessarily ethnocentric and elitist, and that art could have a much broader audience if it could also be seen outside the constraints of “official” art institutions.〔Katharina Sand, ''Manhattan File'' Magazine, “Art in Unusual Places,” November 1994.〕 His work has been exhibited at the Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Arts (MoCADA), in Brooklyn, New York, Restoration Plaza in Brooklyn, New York, and the Centro Cultural de Belém, in Lisbon, Portugal, as part of the (Experimentadesign Bienal de Lisboa ). He has taught or spoken about art, new media, and design at institutions such as The Cooper Union, The New School University, Parsons The New School for Design, Pratt Institute, Rhode Island School of Design, and Sarah Lawrence College, among others. He has been interviewed and / or had his work featured in: ''All Things Considered'' (National Public Radio);〔''All Things Considered'', NPR, “New York Artist Uses Crosswalk Signs As His Canvas,” December 2, 1993. ()〕 ''Arc Design'' Magazine (Brasil) (discusses TRUE’s work in the Lisbon Biennial);〔''Arc Design'' Magazine, “Comunicação E Olho Crítica (Communication and the Critical Eye),” February 2006. ()〕 ''AREA'' (a Phaidon design book that named TRUE as one of 100 of the world’s “most innovative emerging graphic designers”);〔(Phaidon, ''AREA'', April 2005. )〕 BBC-TV (UK); ''Crain’s New York Business'';〔Judith Messina, ''Crain’s New York Business'', “Cyber Whiz Kids Exercising Options,” May 13–19, 1996. The article was a cover story about how TRUE and others were acquiring stock options from the companies for whom they did work.〕 ''Deseret News'';〔Rick Hampson, Associated Press writer, ''Deseret News'', “Repent/Sin: Pedestrians Shown The Way,” October 5, 1993.〕 ''Eye'' Magazine (in which Stefan Sagmeister refers to TRUE’s subway stickers as “the one piece of graphic design that truly influenced me”);〔(Stefan Sagmeister, ''Eye'' Magazine, “Inspiration,” Autumn 2001 )〕 ''GalleryBeat'' (TV); ''How'' Design Magazine;〔''How'' Magazine, “From the Heart,” December 2001.〕 ''I.D.'' Magazine (who named TRUE as one of the “I.D. Forty” (of the world’s “leading design innovators” ));〔Bonnie Schwartz, ''I.D. The International Design Magazine'', “TRUE Believer,” February 2000. ''I.D.'' puts out an annual themed list of the 40 best designers in the world (in 2000, the list was of who they considered to be the world’s “leading design innovators” who were 30 and under).〕 Los Angeles ''Times'';〔Times Staff, Los Angeles ''Times'', “Meddler Makes Light of Pedestrian Traffic,” October 6, 1993. ()〕〔Steve Harvey, “Only in L. A.,” Los Angeles Times, September 2, 1994. Ironically, the article’s title erroneously suggested that a piece like TRUE’s could “only” exist in Los Angeles, at least a year and a half after numerous articles had been written about the pieces that had been appearing on the streets of NYC – including the aforementioned article in the Los Angeles ''Times'' a year prior.〕 ''M.A.P.'' Magazine (Australia);〔Tina Brown, ''M.A.P.'' Magazine, “International Success: TRUE,” December 2003-January 2004.〕 ''Manhattan File'' Magazine;〔Katharina Sand, ''Manhattan File'' Magazine, “Art in Unusual Places,” November 1994.〕 ''Men’s Club'' Magazine (Japan);〔Men’s Club Magazine, Issue 406, November 1994.〕 ''Metropolis'' Magazine (who named TRUE as a “rising star of the new millennium”);〔Frances Anderton et al, ''Metropolis'' Magazine, “Crash Landing: 54 Unscheduled Arrivals: 54 Experts on the Future of Design,” January 1999.〕 New York ''Daily News'';〔Rick Hampson, “Manhattan Mystery: Crosswalk Signs,” October 7, 1993.〕 ''New York'' Magazine;〔Ellen Cohn, ''New York'' Magazine, “Sign of the Crosswalk,” December 6, 1993. ()〕〔Alice Twemlow, “Rock / Don’t Rock,” New York Magazine, February 14, 2005.〕 New York ''Times'';〔Jennifer Steinhauer, ''New York Times'', “Panic / Don’t Panic,” October 17, 1993.〕 ''Pix'' Magazine; ''The Practical Handbook for the Emerging Artist'';〔''The Practical Handbook for the Emerging Artist,'' Enhanced Second Edition, Margaret R. Lazzari, published January 2010. The pieces are mentioned in the chapter about “Guerrilla Art”: “Guerrilla activity is nonsanctioned artwork that is done anonymously and appears without warning in public places.”〕 ''Sagmeister: Made You Look,'';〔''Sagmeister: Made You Look,'' Stefan Sagmeister, published January 1999. ()〕 Stefan Sagmeister's ''TED'' Talk, “Happiness By Design”;〔In addition to his inclusion of TRUE’s subway series in his design book and mentions in numerous interviews, Mr. Sagmeister has also discussed it at countless design symposiums around the world, including his ''TED'' Talk, referring to it as “…one of the few pieces of graphic design that really touched my heart.” ()〕 ''Surface'' Magazine; ''Time Out New York''; The Village ''Voice'',〔The Village ''Voice'', “Instant Karma,” May 25, 1993.〕 and others. An educational CD-ROM video game for which TRUE did illustration, animation, and UI design won the top award, the “Palm d’Or,” at the MILIA Interactive Conference in Cannes, France.〔Michael D. Bush, ''Multimedia Monitor'', “Cannes Content Focus: International Publishing and New Media Market Conference,” February 1997. The game was ''The Pink Panther: Passport to Peril'', published by Wanderlust Interactive. It won numerous other awards, including the European EMMA Award for “Best Family CD-ROM.”〕 He has lived in Stuyvesant Heights, Brooklyn, since 1999, where he has received numerous〔Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation, “Brooklyn Icons Shirley Chisholm, Lawrence Fishburne and Jackie Robinson Gaze Upon Fulton Street,” January 23, 2009. ()〕 public art commissions,〔Ashaunte Solomon, ''Brooklyn Family'', “The Brooklyn Hall of Fame, On the Stairs” September 2012.〕 and where he co-organizes a free annual children’s film festival called The KID''flix'' Film Fest of Bed-Stuy!. == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「True (artist)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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